From Description to Analysis - 765 Words

From Description to Analysis nbsp; The Problem: One of the most difficult and important skills I teach to my Reading amp; Composition students is that of moving from descriptive writing (what amounts to plot summary in an English literature class) to analytic writing, to writing that communicates the students ideas rather than the studied authors ideas. By the middle point of the semester, students for the most part have understood how to present a central argument for their papers, but they do not write in such a way that their argument pervades the essay assignment. Because composition teachers rely on a distinction between arguments and evidence, students often do not see how their evidence (the bulk of their essay) can be†¦show more content†¦At the same time, I make clear to students that they can (and often should) situate their ideas in relation to the events of the story, but that they should emphasize their ideas rather than the fictional events. The worksheets then offer examples (like the following based on Camus The Guest) of both plot summary and analytic writing: nbsp; †¢ Description (plot summary): The men walk together, but then a bird rips the sky into two, and Daru is happy. Daru rejoices in separation. nbsp; †¢ Analysis: Daru still plays host to the Arab as they walk over the land. However, Daru will soon separate from his burdensome guest, and so he rejoices when the bird splits the sky into two parts, signaling separation. nbsp; As we read through this example, I draw the students attention to how the meaning but not the language has become complex in the analytic statement. We then discuss what useful ideas the analytic statement adds: that Daru is a host in this relationship, that the splitting sky mirrors the mens impending separation, and that Daru is made happy because of this meaning. nbsp; The second half of the worksheets break this writing down into a three-step process: first, summarizing or describing a quotation, second, interpreting that quotation (close reading), and third, transforming one of thoseShow MoreRelatedGlobal: Strategic Management and Analysis1041 Words   |  5 PagesQuestions 1. Brief description of the context and of the decision which has to be made. 2. SWOT analysis, including: †¢ An internal analysis (Strengths Weaknesses of Illy Espressamente) †¢ An external analysis (Opportunities Threats from the Global Coffee Market). †¢ A strategic SWOT analysis, crossing internal external analyses, in order to determine strategic directions for the internationalization of Espressamente. 3. Analysis of each of the 7 foreign markets considered for expansion: Read MoreEssay about Hrm/531 Week Two928 Words   |  4 Pagescomfortable with the week objectives of job analysis and job descriptions. Job Analysis A job analysis uses the process of collecting information on how to accomplish a specific profession. It explores the necessary skills to complete the job, personnel’s responsibilities, and the working environment. A job analysis takes into account of recruiting for the profession like advertising and developing employees. After composing this investigation, a job analysis is able to constructs job titles, jobRead MoreDocx1409 Words   |  6 Pages1.0. Job Analysis As like any other organization, Citycell also exist to accomplish its organizational goal and objective. Achievement of organizational goal requires collective efforts (work) of a number of employees rather than individual effort. The point at which work and worker come together is called job-it is the role played by worker. To staff the worker for accomplishing the goal, an organization needs to know a lot of information about the job. These are: * Information about dutiesRead MoreAssignment 2: Organizational Structure Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this paper, I will analyze the elements of a job analysis and discuss its significance to the hiring and employee development aspects of human resource management. I will describe the importance of a PAQ, proposing two ways the results can be used to redesign a customer service job for efficiency. I will develop two strategies that HR professionals can in the selection for a customer service position using a Fleishman Job Analysis System. I will examine the challenges for designing thisRead MoreEssay on Job Analysis HRM530896 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Job Analysis / Job Description HRM 530 January 22, 2015 Compare two (2) job positions from the episode and perform a job analysis of each position. The two job position I compared from the episode and perform a job analysis of each position, the â€Å"Undercover Boss† comparing two positions from the Norwegian Cruise Line episode, there are crew staff and recreation staff. In cooperation positions are significant for the positive organization of the ship. Visitors look forward toRead MoreJob Analysis For The Hr Manager Position1203 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific job analysis procedure that I would utilize to develop the job description for the HR manager position. To begin, the definition of a job analysis provided in our textbook is: â€Å"Job analysis is the systematic process of collecting information that identifies similarities and differences in the work.† (Milkovich, Newman, Gerhart, 2014, p. 103). I also found a definition on HR-Guide.com that summarize an important description of the job analysis. The website states; â€Å"Job Analysis is a processRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Literature Review171 9 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge and abilities for effectively doing the job they have been hired for. It is essential to invest time and effort in a recruitment process to ensure that the company is recruiting the right people for the required positions in the company. From the perspective of the team or person that is responsible for conducting the hiring process as well, having well defined end to end process helps them to understand what is needed and helps in guiding them in the activity of finding the right typeRead MoreJob Analysis and Selection Plan1587 Words   |  7 PagesJob Analysis and Selection Plan According to the text Job Analysis is â€Å"To make intelligent decisions about the people-related needs of a business, two types of information are essential: (1) a description of the work to be done, the skills needed, and the training and experience required for various jobs, and (2) a description of the future direction of a business. (Cascio, 2006, p.157) These two very essential forms of information are called job analysis and workforce planning which help toRead MoreJob Analysis Job Description Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesCompare two (2) job positions from the episode and perform a job analysis of each position. Comparing two positions from the Norwegian Cruise Line episode, they are crew staff and recreation staff. Both positions are important for the smooth running of the ship. Guests expect to have entertainment functions to attend as well as be able to attend different social activities. The contributions these positions make to the overall running of the cruise ship is priceless. Cruise staff is responsibleRead MoreProject Scope1007 Words   |  5 PagesScope Description 4 4 Functional and Technical Requirements 5 4.1 Functional Requirements 5 4.2 Technical Requirements 5 5 Boundaries 5 6 Data Migration Strategy 6 7 Deliverables 6 8 Acceptance Criteria 6 9 Constraints 7 10 Assumptions 7 11 Alternatives analysis 7 11.1 Evaluation Criteria 7 11.2 Alternative Descriptions 7 11.3 Alternative Evaluation 8 11.4 Recommendation 8 12 Cost Estimates 8 13 cost-benefit analysis 9 13.1 Cost Analysis 9

A History of Curriculum Changes in Public Schools - 783 Words

A History of Curriculum Changes in Public Schools The curriculum of the public school system in America has transformed greatly over time. Its original roots that branch from early Puritan schools where the Bible was taught to where education was offered only to the privileged. Most schools had an educational system based on religious teaching methods. The government became involved, and developed an unconstitutional clause known as the separation of church and state. Schools were no longer simply based on training future theologians. A more structural foundation for the American educational curriculum incorporated reading arithmetic and writing. The main focus of schools was from teaching moral values. The American public school†¦show more content†¦These three elements combine to offer a strong foundation from which educators can begin to address what is taught at all levels, the needs of a respondent society, and the changing roles of classroom practitioners. The presence of religion often triggered controversy on the elementary school level. Some schools districts now recognize that it is wrongShow MoreRelatedPublic Education Has Negatively Affected Children1417 Words   |  6 Pagesreport released last week, the business school [Harvard] indicated that 47 percent of its alumni. . . saw little improvement in the K-12 education system.† Even though public education can have a positive influence, rising high school dropout rates, increasing juvenile crime, and the falling of American education’s global rating causes some parents to wonder if public education is truly working. Public education has negatively affected children. First, public education has negatively affected childrenRead MoreEducational Philosophy: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, and Logic1746 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom and often dispensing plenty of corporal punishment. In epistemology, Dewey asserted that rather than follow a rigid, old-fashioned curriculum, the teacher had to allow students to participate in designing lessons that were relevant to their lives and experiences. Only this way could the public schools become dynamic and flexible, keeping up with rapid change in society. In logic, Dewey favored teaching students by induction, the Socratic method and asking questions rather than by lecturing, roteRead MoreCurriculum Development And Evaluation Timeline Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesEDCI 7510 Curriculum Development and Evaluation Timeline of Curriculum Development in the United States Lisa Bevens Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA â€Æ' Purpose The purpose of this timeline is to demonstrate the chan ges made in the educational system of the United States as described by Wiles and Bondi in Curriculum Development in a Global Age. This timeline will focus on different eras of time from the Evolutionary Era, to the Modern Era, to the Postmodern Era. This timeline willRead MorePublic Schools And Public School908 Words   |  4 Pageslife situations† we are teaching in public school. You may, however, felt the frustration of trying to do taxes, buy a house, or balance a checkbook for the first time and felt underprepared. Our public school system leaves students unprepared for the adult world. Public k12 school curriculums don’t teach students to be informed adults, but rather teach them to recite random facts for tests without absorbing the information or applying it to life. Many high school graduates feel underprepared for collegeRead MoreEducating Multicultural Curriculum Reform : School Curriculums Are Largely Biased Towards The Views Of Americans With European Her itage Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Curriculum Reform†, school curriculums are largely biased towards the views of Americans with European heritage, which is distorting the worldviews of American students and severely under representing minorities. A multi-cultural approach to instruction is needed to help decrease, and eliminate the justification of, the feeling of superiority felt among many white Americans. First, Banks supports his opinion by discussing the negative impact a mainstream-centric curriculum has on multiculturalRead MoreThe Outcome Of Reconstructed History Course Material1676 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Hellwig English 101 3 May 2016 The Outcome of Reconstructed History Course Material Education is very important this day and age, especially in our society and culture. However many textbooks that are being used in American history classes are being reconstructed or rejected. These materials range from that of which local communities, state school boards, teachers and parents have decided is inappropriate for children to be learning, such as nudity, or teaching subjects that some mayRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis1106 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks, his world begins to change. In the novel and in life, people have restricted access to knowledge and information. This dystopian quality can be a result of the government’s desire to protect the people, or due to the government’s want to protect itself. In Fahrenheit 451, information is kept from society due to the belief that it will negatively impact the citizens happiness. This is also a common occurrence in the real world, as information is hidden from the public on multiple occasions forRead Mo reU.s. Obam A History Of Education Policy And Reform1491 Words   |  6 Pagescandidate has a point of view and some history of education policy impact. Each candidate, Chris Christie, Jeb Bush, Hillary Clinton, have a history of education policy and reform. Each candidate has a history of involvement working toward change in each represented state with some successes, some failures, and some learning opportunities available with each change. Chris Christie, a republican presidential candidate of New Jersey, believes that our public education system is failing our childrenRead MoreEssay On Strategic Stewardship1418 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Stewardship As a private church school where the majority of students come from the sponsoring church and the churches in the surrounding areas, it is imperative that the school to operate in a spiritual climate that fosters a strong Biblical curriculum and chapel program that parents want. The primary reason that the families send their children to our school is that the truths of Scripture are openly and passionately taught in the classrooms, as well as prayers and the discipleship worldviewRead MoreSpecial Students With Disabilities And Culturally Diverse Needs862 Words   |  4 Pagesculturally diverse needs, and access to grade appropriate general education curriculum for students with severe intellectual disabilities. Before discussing the present, let us look at the past to understand the future. During the 1970s, it is estimated around 20% of students with disabilities were receiving an education from a public school (Yell, 2012). Children with special needs were first provided access to public education programs with the signing of the Education for All Handicapped Children

Inanimate Object Free Essays

Nina Ferrer Professor Susan Chapman English 111 21 February 2013 The darkness is slowly scaring me making me feel overwhelmed. I can’t see anything. I feel suffocated and musty with all these boxes stocked next to me and on top of me. We will write a custom essay sample on Inanimate Object or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve been here for so long and I feel so hopeless and useless. Then suddenly a bright light shines on me and I finally feel free from this very comfortless home. I wish someone would open this lid on top of me so I can breath in fresh air. But here I am staying strong and just patiently waiting. Then suddenly, I am lifted, opened, and place on top of a flat surface. I feel so nervous. I am hearing human voices. My wish is granted. It is my time, and I am free! My thoughts are running, I wonder if this little boy will pick me. My skin color is black with a shade of silver and red. I have thick bottoms and have plenty of grip. I was made from China but I was made to improve performances, protect ankles, and give extra comfort. I was created prepared. As my top is removed, the open air almost suffocated me. Just then I was lifted into the air and slammed onto he floor. Then suddenly for the first time, I feel human feet inside me. I am moving. He’s walking back and fourth with me and I can see my reflection through the mirror on the floor. I look handsome on his feet. Matching white socks would go so perfect with me. He took his feet off me, and before I can even prepare myself for what is about to happen, I am swung into the air, and slammed back inside the box. He still hasn’t closed the lid, I can see the little boy staring at me with such an unsure face. I was tossed inside the box and the lid of the box is slammed, I’ve been here before. As light shines on me, fresh air hits me again, and I’m home. I am inside the little boys room. He finally took me out the box and he tried me on once again. He’s running around with me, jumping up and down. Ouch! I am not used to all this impact and pressure, although the boy is little. He’s looking at me through the mirror, and I can see that he has bought white socks as well. I am ecstatic, I do not want bare, smelly feet inside me. My owner finally takes his feet out and puts me on the bed and walks away. Patiently waiting, the little boy comes in rushing, full of energy, and I can see him changing into basketball shorts and putting socks on. Then a sudden whip-lash, he grabs me and he slips his feet inside super fast. He’s running now, I can feel myself being stepped on, and I am also stepping on dirty floor. He runs outside, and this is my first time stepping on concrete, I hope I don’t get creased or stepped on by other shoes. I am so nervous I can barely catch my breath. I can feel sweat and moist already surround my soles. We finally arrive at the park. I see my fellow basketball shoes all looking very sharp, but I believe nothing can compare to me I am the best, and I am here to make sure I protect my owners ankles and feet and to help him play better, and give him extra boost to hop and jump. As my owner is running, I see the ball being dribbled in front of me. As scared as I am as of now, I have to face this. This is my job. My owner and I just jumped. And before I knew it I was back on the ground. Here I am still keeping up and running. I’ve gotten stepped on so many times. I am exhausted. I’m moving left to right, and running back and fourth a full court so fast. I just want. I have so many scratches and dirt on me from all the other shoes. I hope my owner finishes playing already. Before I can take one final breath, he suddenly stopped and we started walking. I’m guessing he’s tired. I wish we can head home already. Finally, we arrive home. I am extremely weary and depleted, but my spirit is still strong. I feel so accomplished that although I was beaten up and left like this, I’ve completed my main task to protect my owner, and at the same time make him look good and keep him safe. As my owner takes me off, I feel so much air coming inside, I can breath better, he picks me up and wipes me with a cold wet cloth. He puts me back in where I belong . The box is closed, and darkness once again overtakes me. Even though I am unaware of when the next time I will step on the ground, hopefully soon, what I do know is that, I’ve completed my main task. And instead of being in a dark room suffocated with other boxes, I am home, waiting for another adventure. How to cite Inanimate Object, Papers

The Problem Cited by David - A Dentist by Profession

Question: Case Study: The Problem Cited by David, A Dentist by Profession. Answer: I have researched into the problem cited by David, a Dentist by profession and one of my clients of long standing. In my opinion and as per the information that I have been able to gather in context to Davids case study, I have found that Dentists are allowed deductions for the following expenses related to their professional duties Cost of medicines and other profession related medical supplies Cost of computer equipment and software (Depreciation can be claimed if cost is more than $300) Equipment such as Dictaphone or other recording device (Depreciation can be claimed if cost is more than $300) Travel costs between hospital, surgery and patient visits Subscriptions and Fees of Professional Association Charges for Annual Practicing Certificate Costs and maintenance of Professional Library (Depreciation can be claimed if cost is more than $300) Subscriptions for Technical Journals Premiums of Professional Indemnity Insurance Professionals practicing in any segment of the healthcare sector are subjected to the legal regulations and taxation laws as any other taxpayer and on the basis of this assumption[2], I can safely deduce that David will also be considered for taxation matters related to his Assessable Income Sources of Income Deductions as listed above Allowable expenses related to his practice as a professional healthcare specialist. Assessable Income Income as such does not find any description or definition either in the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1936 (ITAA, 1936) nor in the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997 (ITAA, 1997). It has been left to the Common Law Interpretation to arrive at a realistic conclusion depending on the case to case basis[3]. In Davids case study his Assessable Income, as defined under Section 6-1(1) of the Act, shall consists of his Ordinary Income, as per Section 6-5(1) of the Act and Statutory Income, as per Section 6-10(2) of the Act. Sources of Income It must also be put on record that Ordinary Income of David will be the income derived by him as per ordinary concepts[4] and these include his professional practice as a dentist. On the other hand, David has also given me information that he has certain other sources of income, including his investments, rentals and interest that he derives on a regular basis. These shall be treated as his Statutory Incomes and shall also form part of his total assessable income[5]. Deductions In the Income Tax Assessment Acts, both of 1936 and 1997, deductions for all taxpayers are classified under General Deductions and Specific Deductions. I will refer to ITAA, 1997 where Section 8-1 is used for defining the General Deductions and Section 8-5 which defines the Specific Deductions[6]. I will give salient features of these deductions here and take up in detail their implications on David in the paragraphs below, titled General and Specific Deductions. Broadly, General Deductions are those which are claimed against expenses which David would have incurred for producing income. Specific Deductions are those which include expenses which David would have incurred for maintaining the capital assets which are to be used by him in his professional practice. Allowable Expenses In the paragraph above, I have listed 9 expenses which David can claim as these relate to his profession. Out of these nine listed expenses, there are certain, as noted below, which can be covered under General Deductions and the others can be classified under the Specific Deductions category[7]. These have also been elaborated by me in my explanations given below under the heading General and Specific Deductions. Explanation of General and Specific Deductions I can further explain General Deductions under the following headings Positive Limbs covered under Sub-Section 8-1(1) Deductions which David can claim under this sub-section of the Act will include all those expenses which are incurred by him in producing income[8]. These will obviously be those expenses which are incurred by David when he is pursuing active practice as a dentist. These also include those expenses which are incurred by David while continuing his profession as a dentist. This can be further elaborate to include those periods in which David is not performing as an active, practicing dentist but is still running and maintaining his clinic[9]. This is allowed under this sub-section of the Act, which clearly describes it by using the words Quote Necessarily incurred in carrying on a business for the purpose of gaining or producing income Unquote. Negative Limbs covered under Sub-Section 8-1(2) All the expenses which are incurred by Davis for covering his personal needs will be covered under this limb. Such expenses are not considered for deduction purposes. These expenses do not establish a connection with Davids professional activities as a practicing dentist nor do they have any connection with his running or maintaining his practice or clinic[10]. Conclusion Positive Limb Deductions under Sub-Section 8-1(1) of the Act also specify that allowable deductions will include expenses to the extent that an expense can still be deductible if a portion of it is being used for maintaining or sustaining the business. A dentist is considered to be a self-employed individual[11], who is running a business, broadly termed as practice and the law also states that it is not necessary for a business to be a continuous activity. David is a self-employed individual, running a practice and hence his expenses, whether falling under General or Specific Deductions shall be allowed as deductible as long as they are connected with the running and maintaining of the practice. All the nine expenses listed above, are covered under Positive Limbs segment of deductible expenses and hence David is correct in assuming that he can claim them as deductions from his assessable incomes[12]. Bibliography Bakker, A. and Kloosterhof, S. (ed.), Tax risk management (Amsterdam, IBFD, 2010) Barkoczy, S., Rider, C., Baring, J. and Bellamy, N Australian Tax Casebook. 10th ed (Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, 2010) Cch, Australian Master Financial Planning Guide (Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, 2010) Coughlan, L, The Law and You (Glebe, NSW: Pascal Press, 2003) Jorgenson, W. D. and landon, R. (ed.) Tax reform and the cost of capital: an international comparison (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1993) Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. A. and Devos, K Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions (Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, 2010) Tooma, R. A. (ed.) Legislating against Tax Avoidance (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2008) [1] Cch. Australian Master Financial Planning Guide (Sydney: CCH Australia Limited, 2010), 4. [2] A. Bakker and S. Kloosterhof (ed.). Tax risk management. (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2010), 135. [3] L. Coughlan. The Law and You (Glebe, NSW: Pascal Press, 2003), 42. [4] FCT v Cooke Sherden [5] W. D. Jorgenson R. Landon (ed.). Tax reform and the cost of capital: an international comparison (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1993), 59. [6] R. A. Tooma (ed.). Legislating against Tax Avoidance (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2008), 302. [7] L. Nethercott, G. A. Richardson and K. Devos. Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions (Sydney: CCH Australia Limited, 2010), 215. [8] W. D. Jorgenson R. Landon (ed.). Tax reform and the cost of capital: an international comparison (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1993), 63. [9] A. Bakker and S. Kloosterhof (ed.). Tax risk management. (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2010), 143. [10] L. Coughlan. The Law and You (Glebe, NSW: Pascal Press, 2003), 57. [11] L. Nethercott, G. A. Richardson and K. Devos. Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions (Sydney: CCH Australia Limited, 2010), 235. [12] L. Coughlan. The Law and You (Glebe, NSW: Pascal Press, 2003), 57.

Animal Rights Activists and Racism

One of the post-industrial discourse’s foremost aspects is that, as time goes on, more and more people in Western countries declare their formal willingness to cease assessing the significance of the surrounding reality’s emanations exclusively through the perceptual lenses of euro-centrism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Animal Rights’ Activists and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, there a number of good reasons to think that the people’s endowment with the perceptual euro-centrism (reflected by their predisposition towards criticizing the ‘moral inappropriateness’ of non-Western patterns of a societal behavior), is not merely the byproduct of their upbringing. Rather, the Westerners’ obsession with landing their views on the morality-related controversial subject matters should be regarded as such that reveals the hypocritical and deep ly racist workings of their unconscious psyche. In order to illustrate the legitimacy of the earlier suggestion, one would not have to go far. After all, it does not represent much of a secret that, while striving to protect animals from being subjected to cruel treatments, the so-called ‘animal rights’ activists (consisting of predominantly White people), go as far as defining the practice of eating dogs utterly ‘barbaric’. Yet, since being a ‘barbarian’ presupposes the concerned individual’s cognitive arrogance and his or her lack of intellectual flexibility, it would be so much more appropriate to apply the term ‘barbarians’ to those who, while finding it appropriate to consume the flesh of pigs, cows and chickens, scream ‘bloody murder’ over the fate of dogs, eaten in Chinese restaurants. The reason for this is apparent – one’s ability to exercise a particular social right (such as the right of not being eaten) implies his or her ability to secure it. Rights are not given but taken. What it means is that animals cannot have ‘rights’, by definition. On a subconscious level, the ‘animal rights’ activists are being well aware of it. This is because, despite having adopted the posture of particularly ‘progressive’ individuals, reflected by their tendency to drink gallons of ‘organic’ coffee at Starbucks, to hug trees and to practice ‘alternative’ sex-styles; these people never cease being whom they really are, in the biological sense of this word – Caucasians, endowed with the so-called ‘Faustian’ mentality (Greenwood 53).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its turn, being ‘Faustian’ presupposes the concerned individual’s unconscious strive towards subjectualizing itse lf within the environment and consequentially – towards assuming a full control over the surrounding reality. This is exactly the reason why, as opposed to what it is being the case with people endowed with the ‘Apollonian’ (Oriental) mentality (known for their ability to coexist with nature peacefully), the White people’s attitude towards the nature has always been marked by their willingness to exploit it in just about every imaginable way. Do we (Whites) want to have hundreds of different kinds of fishes in supermarkets? Then we design truly effective fish-catching methods, made even more effective by the mean of relying on satellites to track the movements of the shoals in the ocean. Do we want to be able to choose from thousands of different types of sausages? Then we invent chemicals that facilitate the cows’ growth. Are our crops appearing endangered by mice? Then we use other chemicals to exterminate mice, etc. Nevertheless, while being thor oughly comfortable with the idea that it is fully appropriate to exploit the ‘eatable’ representatives of the animal kingdom, the ‘animal rights’ activists deny the same right to those, who due to the specifics of their ethno-cultural affiliation, consider dogs eatable. As the main justification of their stance, in this respect, Western ‘animal lovers’ refer to the dogs’ socially upheld status of pets. Apparently, these people believe that pets are just too cute to be used as food. Yet, the notion of ‘cuteness’ is utterly subjective – whereas, some people consider dogs very cute, others prefer to assign ‘cuteness’ to crocodiles and snakes. However, despite the fact that this suggestion cannot be referred to as anything but self-evident, the ‘animal rights’ activists nevertheless continue to insist that eating dogs is a taboo. Why would it be the case? This is because, even though that these p eople’s stance on the issue is being formally concerned with the protection of animals they consider pets, their actual agenda is different – while imposing their highly subjective views (in regards to which animals may be defined pets) upon others, the ‘animal rights’ activists are able to derive an emotional pleasure out of the process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Animal Rights’ Activists and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, it reinforces their latently racist conviction that they are indeed superior beings, in charge of bringing the ‘light of civilization’ to savages – pure and simple. Had this not been the case, we would be able to draw parallels between today’s ‘animal rights’ activists and the Nazis. Yet, these parallels are obvious. After all, the Nazis were also obsessed with the protection of ‘c ute pets’, while passing laws that provided lengthy sentences in jail for those they considered animal-abusers. As Silberman noted, â€Å"Germany passed its first Animal Protection Law in 1936 under the Nazi regime of Adolph Hitler, who expressed his great love for animals† (166). Simultaneously, the Nazis were introducing other laws, according to which, Jews could not be considered fully human, which in turn created objective preconditions for the people, which Nazis considered ‘social parasites’, to be murdered en mass. In a similar manner, the self-indulgent protectors of animals’ ‘rights’ find it fully appropriate to set on fire Chinese restaurants, where the dog’s meat is believed to be served, without giving any thought to the possibility that such their activities may well result in the deaths of many innocent people. This simply could not be otherwise – just as the Nazis used to refuse to recognize the humanity of Jews, Western ‘animal rights’ activists refuse to recognize the humanity of dog-eaters, especially given the visually observed ‘otherness’ of the latter. Therefore, there is nothing utterly odd about the fact that, while advocating the cause of animal protection, PETA’s (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) activists often cannot help exposing their deep-seated racism. For example, they found it fully appropriate to compare the mistreatment of domestic animals in today’s America with the mistreatment of Black slaves during the course of the 19th century, which means that on a subconscious level, the ‘animal rights’ activists believe that Black people are not fully human (Zenitha A1).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it will not be much of an exaggeration, on our part, to suggest once again that the Westerners’ obsession with the protection of ‘cute animals’, reflected by their objection to the idea that dogs can be eaten, is being subliminal of these people’s deep-seated racism. After all, it is a well known fact that many White ‘animal rights’ activists also never get tired of proclaiming their adherence to the ideals of multiculturalism. This, however, does not prevent them from preferring to reside in the racially secluded ‘white suburbia’. Apparently, even though that these people do in fact consider themselves open-minded, this is far from being the de facto case. We can even hypothesize that by applying a great effort into promoting the idea that eating dogs is morally wrong, the ‘animal rights’ activists simply explore their subliminal anxieties, regarding the societal implications of their racial self-identity. Bein g deprived of their predecessors’ existential vitality (it is very rare for White parents to have more than one child in the family), today’s Whites realize themselves increasingly incapable of applying any active measures to assure their continual mastery in Western countries. This is the reason why more and more of them tend to indulge in the different forms of a social escapism, such as participating in the ‘animal rights’ movement, for example. Therefore, when assessed from a psychoanalytical perspective, these people’s preoccupation with protecting ‘cute pets’ appears to be nothing but the extrapolation of their deep-seated existential insecurity. In other words, by denying ‘barbarians’ the right to consume dogs as food, the ‘animal rights’ activists expose themselves self-righteous and psychologically weak decadents. What it means that the fallaciousness of these people’s claims, related to what th ey consider the appropriate/inappropriate ways to treat domestic animals, cannot only be illustrated within the context of what appears to be their ill-concealed racist agenda, but also within the context of the Darwinian laws of evolution. The reason for this is simple – people who have grown weak and decadent, are being in no position to expect that their ethical views on the treatment of animals represent a discursively legitimate value. I believe that the provided line of argumentation, in regards to the subject matter in question, fully correlates with the paper’s initial thesis. Works Cited Greenwood, Susan. Anthropology of Magic. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2009. Print. Silberman, Morton. â€Å"Animal Welfare, Animal Rights: The Past, the Present, and the 21st Century.† The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 19.4 (1988): 161-167. Print. Zenitha, Prince. â€Å"PETA Generates Outrage: Equating Blacks with Mistreated Animals.† Afro – American [Baltimo re, Md] 27 Aug. 2005: A1. Print. This essay on ‘Animal Rights’ Activists and Racism was written and submitted by user Reece Diaz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ENDANGERED SPECIES essays

ENDANGERED SPECIES essays Endangered species are living things whose population is so reduced that they are threatened with extinction. Thousands of species are included in this category. The International Union for the Conservation of nature and Natural Resources publishes a list of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and (many people donÕt consider them) plants. Millions of years before humans, extinction of living things was linked to geological and climate, the effects of which were translated into major alternation of the environment. Environmental change is still the primary cause of the extinction of animals, but now the changes are greatly accelerated by humans activity. Clearing land for farms and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devices, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces. They also become more accessible to hunters, who kill monkeys for food and trap many primates for sale as pets, research animals, and zoo specimens. Some animal species may move into human communities when their own are destroyed. Extermination of marauding monkeys, roaming tigers, or foraging deer is easy to justify by people whose livelihood is threatened. Pollution is another form of environments change. Forty species of birds in the United States, including peregrine hawk, bald eagle, pelicans, and roseate terns, lay thin-shelled as a result of ingesting degradation products of and some other chlorination hydrocarbon insecticides that make ...

Scavenger Hunt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Scavenger Hunt - Research Paper Example Answer: Chlamydia and Trichomoniasis Chlamydia and Trichomoniasis are both bacterial infections. In Chlamydia causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or epididymitis that leads to infertility whereas fallopian tube inflammation in Trichomoniasis causes the infertility. Answer: It is an infection of the intestinal tract caused by giardia lamblia. It is popularly known as Beaver Fever. The giardia lambia attaches itself to the digestive tract and hence causing the infection. Yoder, J., Gargano, J., Wallace, R., & Beach, M. (2012). Giardiasis surveillance--United States, 2009-2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002), 61(5), 13-23. Answer: a smoking cessation plan seeks to have the number of smokers reduced. The best program is the Nicotine Replacement Therapy whereby people seek another activity to replace the amount of tobacco they are having and this will then help them kick out the habit. The cessation works hand in hand with the medical practitioners. Oshawa is the region that had the highest number of teenage pregnancy and this can be attributed to the high number of young mothers who move to the area because the housing is affordable and because there is a lot of support that is normally offered to the young children. durhamregion.com | Todays stories from newspapers in Durham Region . (n.d.). durhamregion.com | Todays stories from newspapers in Durham Region . Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://www.durhamregion.com Atherosclerosis causes the conditions when the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen are blocked. When the blockage happens, the sharp pain that is initially felt is angina and when the pain continues for long and is not handled, the condition results into heart attack that is more severe and painful. More than 9 million Canadians have diabetes. About 10% have they type 1

Gamal Abdel Nesser's Speech in 1956 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gamal Abdel Nesser's Speech in 1956 - Essay Example Economic and social dominance of the British over Egypt prompted a revolution in 1952 with King Farouk 1 being dismissed. Gamal Abdel Nasser took the reigns of power with the first step being the nationalization of the Suez canal (Nasser 1956). The British imperialists condemned such a move, noting they were significant stakeholders. Such tendencies prompted Nasser to present a speech condemning western powers for was deemed as internal interference. The presentation of the speech by Gamal Abdel Nesser was in reaction to perceived meddling by foreign powers like France and Britain in the affairs of Egypt. The Suez Canal was at the point of controversy and Nesser was presenting his speech to the Arab nation in condemning imperialistic tendencies (Nasser 1956). The idea of controlling the Suez Canal by Britain was seen as extreme aggression and Nesser wanted to prepare the Egyptians to defend and protect the national resources that were critical for the well-being of Egypt. Ideally, the speech was to enlighten the Egyptians of their rights and freedoms in so far as their interest was concerned (Nasser 1956). Nasser, Gamal Abdel. Speech on the Suez Canal, Egypt 1956. U.S. Department of State, The Suez Canal Problem, 26 July - 22 September 1956, Publication No. 6392.  

Human Resourses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resourses - Essay Example Effective human resource policies should at enhancing job morale, reducing job turnover and increasing individual employee productivity (Patchen 67). Task one: human resource plans The strategic plans of human resource management are aimed at achieving increased employee morale, increased skills and compliance with the rules and regulations of the organization. The plans also aim at adhering with labor laws. Compliance with labor laws. The organization should ensure compliance with industrial labor laws on minimum wages, working hours, safety and occupational laws, pensions and other contractual obligations. There will be effective channels of communication where employees can forward their dissatisfaction with supervisors and other grievances. All the grievances will be arbitrated promptly and all employees will be accorded fair hearing in case of disciplinary proceedings (Lauby 61). Recruitment and interviewing. The organization should implement recruitment and selection practices which result to hiring the best talent. Accurate advertisements which contain the job descriptions and person specifications and other related information shall be placed within a reasonable time. Recruitment shall be fair and timely hiring shall be implemented. Well planned induction shall be offered to all new employees (Lauby 78). Compensation. Compensation shall include both monetary and non-monetary rewards. Compensation should be equitable between work groups and levels of management. Compensation shall be benchmarked to the market rates. Employee performance management. Individual goals shall be aligned to overall organizational goals and objectives. Regular performance appraisals shall be conducted and timely feedback disseminated to all employees. Training and development. Mentoring and coaching shall be offered to all employees. Training shall be aligned with individual goals and organizational needs. Skills audit shall be conducted regularly to identify training needs. Su ccession planning and continuity shall be ensured. Conformity with legal provisions (Lauby 97). The organization shall diversity, privacy, equal opportunity and freedom of information in human resource practices. Discrimination shall be prohibited. Task two: questionnaire The questionnaire will use a rating scale of one to five as follows: (1) strongly agree, (2) agree, (3) neither agree or disagree, (4) disagree and (5) strongly disagree. The list of questions which employees at all levels will be expected to respond to is as follows. 1) Are proud to work for the company? 2) Are you free to express your fear and dissatisfaction in your work? 3) Is your immediate supervisor competent in human relations? 4) Do you feel that you are able to work for the company as long as you do a good job? 5) Does the company offer salary levels which compare with others in the industry? 6) Does your compensation match your skills, roles and responsibilities? 7) Do you receive immediate feedback on y our personal accomplishments and achievements? 8) Is your immediate supervisor concerned with the quality of services you offer? 9) Do you feel the company has adequate health and safety standards in your

Architecture Properties for Controlling Air for Hygiene

Architecture Properties for Controlling Air for Hygiene Properties of Air Earths atmosphere is composed of air. Air is a mixture of gases of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen with traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, and various other components. Air is a uniform gas with properties that are averaged from all the individual components. Air at sea level static conditions for a standard day depends on the pressure and temperature of the location on the earth and season of the year. Gas is composed of a large number of molecules which are in constant and random motion. Air pressure and temperature changes from day to day, hour to hour, and sometimes even minute to minute during severe weather. Standard value of air shown in the diagram are just average values used by engineer in assist to design and calculate machines. Gravity is the key important factor because it holds the atmosphere to the surface. As altitude changes, the state-of-the gas factors will change, which is why the typical values given are at static conditions sea level. As altitude increases, air density, pressure, and temperature decrease. Wind Direction and Speed Understanding Wind. Wind can be defined as a simple of air movement across the earths surface and can be in any direction. which is cause by the differences in air density, thus causing in horizontal differences in air pressure greatly than it causes the vertical pressure. These pressure systems are essentially the cause and result of spatial differences in atmospheric pressure/circulation. There are general characteristics to describe wind, wind Speed and wind Direction, which create different types of wind. Examples of wind include breeze, which is a long duration of low speed wind; gusts, a short burst of high speed wind; strong immediate winds like squalls; and lastly strong intense winds like hurricane or typhoon. Wind speed is the velocity obtained by a mass of air travelling horizontally through the atmosphere. The common measurements for wind speed are kilometres per hour(kmph), miles per hour (mph), knots and meters per second by using a anemometer. The direction of wind is measured by an instrument called a wind vane. There are two main that effect wind direction and speed Pressure-gradient force Coriolis force and friction. *and lastly friction. These factors work coherently to change the wind in different directions and at different speeds. Pressure-Gradient Force Pressure gradient force is the primary force influencing the formation of wind. Wind always blows from high pressure area to low pressure area on a horizontal gradient. Vertically, wind flow from low pressure area to high pressure area. This pressure gradient force that causes the air in motion and causing the air to move in motion with increasing speed down the gradient. Uneven heating on the earths surfaces causes the continual generation of these pressure differences. The greater the pressure difference over a certain horizontal distance, the greater the force and therefore, the stronger the wind. On weather map surfaces, the variations of air pressure over the earths surface is indicated by drawing isolines of pressure, called isobars. The spacing of the isobars indicates the amount of pressure change over a given distance. The closely space in the isobar show steep pressure gradient indicate strong winds, relatively, widely spaced isobars indicate a weak pressure gradient and light winds. The Coriolis force The rotation of the Earth creates another force, known as the Coriolis force which effects the direction of the wind and other object objects in motion in very predictable ways. Newtons first law of motion The law of Inertia, state that forces are balanced. Air will remain moving in a straight line unless it is altered by an unbalancing force. Instead of wind blowing directly from high pressure area to low pressure area, Coriolis force opposes the pressure gradient acceleration and changes the moving air direction. Wind is deflected to the right of the gradient in the Northern Hemisphere, while in the Southern Hemisphere wind is deflected to the left. Key note* Coriolis force only effect the wind direction and not the wind speed. There is no deflection of winds on the equator of the earth, but maximum deflection at the poles Friction layer Wind Friction is the last force that influenced both speed and direction winds. Friction is only operative only close to the Earths at about 2,000 feet above earths surface. Friction greatly reduces speed of surface air and reduces the Coriolis force. As a result, the reduced Coriolis force alter the pressure Gradient force, to move the air at right angles across the isobars toward the area of lower pressure. Surface winds on a weather map does not blow parallel to the isobars in geostropic and gradient wind, instead surface wind cross the isobars vary at an angle from 10 to 45 degrees. Over the ocean where frictional drag is less, and reduced the angle to as little as 10 degrees. Hospital and Air General Principles of infection control Isolation precaution is an important strategy in the practice of infection control. The spread of some infections can be impeded if infected patients are segregated from those who are not infected yet. Although there is no single study showing the effectiveness of isolation. The concept of isolation can be traced back to biblical times when lepers were segregated from the rest of the populace. Towards the end of 19th century, there were recommendations for patients with infectious desease to be placed in separate facilities, which ultimately became known as infectious diseases hospitals. However, in the early 1950s, many of these infectious disease hospitals closed and the patients were moved to general hospitals. The need for proper isolations of infections in the context of general hospitals thus become an important issue. Spatial separation is critically important when using isolation precautions because many infectious airborne contaminations are spread mainly through direct contact when patients are near to one another. Special ventilation controls are required for diseases that can be transmitted over long distances by droplet nuclei (x). However, most diseases are not of this category. Proper isolation is critically important for infectious diseases that can be transmitted through long distance which can result in large clusters of infection in a short period. Infection Control and Isolation Practices Three level of controls must be considered when using isolation precautions. When setting up levels of control for isolation system in hospital, attentive attention must be given for the system to work effectively. Failure in doing so will result all three levels not working and supporting each other. First level of control Administrative control is the first level of control measure that needs to be taken to ensure that the entire system proceed effectively. Implementing proper procedures for triage of patients Detecting infections early Separating infectious patients from others Transporting the patients Educating the patients and staff Designating responsibilities clearly and correctly Communicating with all relevant partners Second level of control environmental and engineering controls is the second level so isolation. Cleaning of the environment Spatial separation Ventilation of spaces Third level of control The third level of control is to further decrease the risk of transmission of infectious disease Personal protection Provide personal protective equipment Sanitor provided in hospital Uses of Air Pressure Differences in Hospital In a hospital setting, certain populations are more vulnerable to airborne infections including immune-compromised patients, new-borns and elderly people. This also include hospital staff and visitors can also be exposed to airborne infections as well. Negative Room Pressure to Prevent Cross Contamination A negative pressure room in a hospital is used to contain airborne contaminants within the room. In the hospital is surrounded by harmful airborne pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts, moulds, pollens, gases, volatile organic compounds, small particles and chemicals are part of a larger list of airborne pathogens. Negative pressure is created by balancing the rooms ventilation system so that more air is exhaust out from the room than it is supply. A negative pressurize room is architecturally design so that air flows from the corridor, or any adjacent area into the negative pressure room. This is to ensure and prevent airborne contaminants from drifting to other areas of the hospitals and contaminating patients, staff and sterile equipment. Rooms to be Pressurize Negatively According to the 2014 FGI Guidelines and Standard 170-2013, there are a list of rooms in healthcare architecture that needs to be negatively pressurized. ER waiting rooms Radiology waiting rooms Triage Restrooms Airborne infection isolation rooms Darkrooms Cytology, glass washing, histology, microbiology, pathology, sterilizing laboratories and nuclear medicine Soiled workrooms Soiled or decontamination room for central medical and surgical supply Soiled linen and trash chute rooms Holding rooms Autopsy rooms Janitors closets Architecture Design for Negative Pressure Room In a well-designed negative pressure room, there should only be one source of air input to the room. Air is pulled through a gap under the door, other than the small opening, the room should be air tight as possible to prevent air from entering. Room must be regularly maintained to prevent any crack or opening in the room. There are certain criteria and guidelines that a negative pressure room should fulfilled A negative pressure differential of †° 2.5 Pa Isolation room with †°12 air changes per hour (ACH) for new building, †°6 ACH in existing old buildings An airflow differential >123-cfm (56 l/s) exhaust Airflows from clean to dirty Sealing of room, allowing approximately 0.5 square feet (0.046 m2) leakage An exhaust to the outside With recent approval from World Health Organization guidelines, natural ventilation can be used for airborne precaution rooms. Positive Pressure in Healthcare Design Healthcare centre are surrounded by pollutions, germs and airborne infection, and these can severely be hazardous to patients, healthcare employees and visitors when exposed. Visitors in healthcare centre are usually patients suffering from allergies, asthma, cardiopulmonary diseases, hyper sensitive to chemicals or having a weaker immune system and are seriously threatened by airborne micro-biological contamination could worsen their condition. Room adjacent to a negative pressure room are positive pressure. Positive pressure in rooms is to ensure that airborne pathogens do not contaminate the patient or supplies in that room. Operation room are example use of positive pressure, which is use to protect the occupant and sterile medical and surgical supplies. The design intention of a positive pressure room is to optimize the condition for clean, invasive procedure, thus reducing infectious risks to patient. These rooms are often considered the cleanest room in a healthcare facilities. Examples of positive pressure procedure rooms Cardiac catheterization or interventional radiology in a radiology suite Trauma or emergency surgical procedure rooms Other invasive procedures such as the insertion of pacemakers or electrophysiology procedures carried out in other locations of inpatient and outpatient facilities Criteria for a positively pressurise operating room †°15 air changes per hour (ACH) airflow out of the room Examples of Drawing Layout for Negative Isolation Room Reference: http://www.mintie.com/assets/img/resources/ASHRAE_Article-on-VentilationChanges.pdf http://www.tsi.com/uploadedFiles/_Site_Root/Products/Literature/Brochures/Room-Pressure-Solutions-for-Healthcare-Facilities_2980067_US.pdf Positive Pressure vs Negative Pressure When total cubic feet per minute from supply air is more than return air, the room is under positive pressure and the air will flow out of the room. (Supply air > Return air) When return air is more than supply air, the room is under negative pressure and the air will flow into the room. (Return air > Supply Air) CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURE PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLING AIR Architecture Natural Ventilation of Health Care Facilities Ventilation Contemporary healthcare centre relies heavily on mechanical ventilation to keep indoor spaces ventilated and pressurise. The uses of mechanical ventilation require high amount energy and often do not work as expected. Equipment failure, poor maintenance, utility service and other management failure may interrupt a normal mechanical operation in healthcare centre. Instead of being an important system for controlling disease and infection, failure in mechanical ventilation systems may result in uncontrollable spread of disease through health-care facilities which could cause huge problem, outbreak of diseases. To ensure performance of mechanical system is not compromised, high cost of money is needed for installation and maintenance cost for the operation. Backing up all mechanical ventilation equipment is expensive and unsustainable is required for continuous operation if the system services a critical facility. Conditional recommendation when designing naturally ventilated healthcare facilities, overall airflow should bring the air from the agent sources to areas where there is sufficient dilution. Ventilation Ventilation the common term use in contemporary architecture, and is an important factor in building design. Ventilation provide healthy air for breathing by moving outdoor air into a building or a room, and channels the air within the building or each respective room. There are three basic elements in building ventilation to be considered: Ventilation Rate ventilation flow rate can be referred to as the absolute amount of inflow air per unit time and the air-change rate as the relative amount of inflow air per unit time. (Annex X.) Airflow Direction the overall airflow direction into a building. Air distribution or airflow pattern each part of the space should be distributed by the external air in an efficient manner. Air flown pattern effects the way airborne pollutants is removed in an efficient manner because pollutants is generated in each part of the space. Natural Ventilation One of the fundamental aspects of architecture is to provide comfort to the inhabitant. This is done by wall insulating, heating, protecting from the sun and managing fresh air intake. Natural ventilation enhances air quality by dissolution of pollutants and refreshing thermal comfort in building. Ventilation based on natural forces should always be preferred to mechanical ventilation especially in European climates, as it can efficiently complete comfort and energy objectives without mechanical energy consumption. Driving Forces of Natural Ventilation From our understanding from chapter 2 (Architecture and Air) that wind is a natural phenomenon causes by pressure-gradient force and coriolis forces therefore is the most influential factor for natural ventilation. Wind creates air flow insides building by creating high and low pressure on different building facades. These movement is strongly dependent on wind pressure gradients. Wind flow and wind pressure distribution. The second natural forces affecting natural ventilation Differential of indoor and outdoor air density causing thermal buoyancy force, stack pressure. Natural ventilation drives outdoor natural air into building envelope openings and other architectural purpose-built openings include windows, doors, solar chimneys, wind towers and trickle ventilators. Wind pressure and stack pressure are two of the natural forces that drives natural ventilation and is important Wind Pressure When wind flows around a building, it can produce a very high suction pressures. Pressure is induced on the building when wind strikes a building. Positive pressure on the windward face which is the direction of upwind from the building; negative pressure on the leeward face, pulling rather than pushing on the building. This drives the air to flow through windward openings into the building to the low-pressure openings at the leeward face. Windward pressure differs along the height of the building, while the leeward pressure is constant. These pressures occur mainly on the leading edges of the roof, and the cladding on these areas has to be firmly fixed to the structure and the roof has to be firmly held down. The wind pressure generated on a building surface is expressed as the pressure difference between the total pressure on the point and the atmospheric static pressure. Wind pressure data can usually be obtained in wind tunnels by using scale models of buildings. If the shape of building, its surrounding condition and wind direction are the same, the wind pressure is proportional to the square of outdoor wind speed. Thus, the wind pressure is usually standardized by being divided by the dynamic pressure of the outdoor wind speed. The standardized wind pressure is called the wind pressure coefficient and symbolized as (Cp). The outdoor wind speed is usually measured at the height of the eave of the building in the wind tunnel. Calculation for wind pressure acting on the building surfaces can be found in Annex X. Natural Architectural Ventilation System Windows and Openings Cross flow Trickle Ventilators Wind Screen Stack Pressure Stack pressure or thermal buoyancy force is generated from the air temperature or humidity difference (sometimes defined as density difference) between indoor and outdoor air. This difference generates an imbalance in pressure gradients of the interior and exterior air columns, causing a vertical pressure difference. Air buoyancy allows movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks or other containers. The effectiveness of stack ventilation is influenced by the effective area of openings, the height of the stack, the temperature difference between the bottom and the top of the stack and pressure differences outside the building. There are two effective uses of stack ventilation which occurs in a room and stack effect in a high-rise building. Examples two different uses are given as below. When the room air is warmer than the outside air, the room air is less dense and rises. Air enters the building through lower openings and escapes from upper openings; on the other hand, when the air is colder than the outside air, the room air is denser than the outside air, the direction of air flow is reverse to an insignificant degree. Air is then entering the building through the upper openings and escapes through the lower openings. Stack driven flows in a building are driven by indoor and outdoor temperatures. The ventilation rate through stack is the result of pressure differential between two openings of the stack. When air heat up, it becomes less dense thus more buoyant, causing air to rise up. Understanding the properties of air in chapter 2, we are able to use this effect to naturally ventilate buildings. Cooler air from outside of the building is drawn into the building at the lower level and is heat up by user, equipment, heating or solar heat gain within the building. Hot air that rises up in the building is vent out at a high level. The tendency of warm air to rise results in pressure differences at various levels of the building. Pressure on the lower levels and basements of a building falls below the atmospheric pressure. On the upper levels of the building, pressure of air will be higher than atmospheric pressure. In between the point of high pressure and low pressure zones lies the neutral pressure plane where the pressure will be neutral. Internal air pressure above the neutral plane will be positive pressure, forcing air to be drawn out the building; wheres, below the neutral plan e, the internal air pressure will be negative and drawing air into the building. The neutral pressure plane is often located at the vertical mid-point of the building. A building with similar leakage rates at all levels will have neutral plane at the mid-point. However, when the basement is leaky and sealed top floor of the building, the building will have a lower neutral pressure plane. Similarly, when the building has a leakier top floor and sealed basement the neutral pressure plane will be higher than the mid-point. Natural Architectural Ventilation System Solar Chimney and Atrium Trombe Wall Bernoulis Principle Identical to stack ventilation using air pressure for passive ventilation, except the difference between bernoulis principle and stack ventilation is where the pressure difference comes from. Unlike stack ventilation which utilizes temperature difference to move air, bernoulis principle uses wind speed difference to move air. In general principle of fluid dynamics, faster moving air has lower pressure. This lower pressure can help suck fresh air through the building. From an architectural point of view, outdoor air further from the ground is less obstructed, causing it to move faster than air at lower altitude, thus resulting in lower pressure. Site surrounding is an important factor to be accounted for, with less obstruction for wind to travel. Natural Architectural Ventilation System Example use of Bernoulis principle are wind cowls and wind tower which utilizes the faster winds above roof tops for passive ventilation. Wind Cowl Fast roof top wind is scooped into the building through the intake valve and at the larger outlet valve creates lower pressure which naturally suck the air out. Stack effect will also help to pull air out through the same exhaust vent. Architectural Design taking Advantage of Stack Ventilation and Bernoulis Principle Designing for stack ventilation and Bernoullis principle are similar, and a structure built for one will generally have both phenomena at work. In both strategies, cool air is sucked in through low inlet openings and hotter exhaust air escapes through high outlet openings. The ventilation rate is proportional to the area of the openings. Placing openings at the bottom and top of an open space will encourage natural ventilation through stack effect. The warm air will exhaust through the top openings, resulting in cooler air being pulled into the building from the outside through the openings at the bottom. Openings at the top and bottom should be roughly the same size to encourage even air flow through the vertical space. To design for these effects, the most important consideration is to have a large difference in height between air inlets and outlets. The bigger the difference, the better. Towers and chimneys can be useful to carry air up and out, or skylights or clerestories in more modest buildings. For these strategies to work, air must be able to flow between levels. Multi-story buildings should have vertical atria or shafts connecting the airflows of different floors.

Female Dominance Or Male Failure? :: essays research papers

Female Dominance or Male Failure?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Thurber illustrates the male species' status with respect to, â€Å" Courtship Through The Ages† with a humorous and melancholic tone. He emphasizes the lack of success males experience through courtship rituals and the constant rejection we endure. Our determination of courting the female with all our â€Å" love displays† may be pointless as it is evident in the repetitive failures of courtship by all male creatures. Thurber shares his problems with courtship and the role which men portray, he explores the relationship between nature and culture, and the demands culture places on men. Thurber's frustration with the female species is obvious and is reflected throughout his essay. The extremities males endure to obtain female attention become overwhelming and incomprehensible to Thurber, consequently conflicting with the myth and construction of the ideal of masculinity. Thurber's frustrations with women are evident right from the start. He displaces male insubordination to the blueprint of nature and it's â€Å"complicated musical comedy.† (Rosengarten and Flick, 340) It's interesting that he attributes nature as a female creator and thus justifying the relationship that â€Å" none of the females of any species she created cared very much for the males.† (p 340)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thurber compares the similarities of courtship to the complicated works of Encyclopedia Brittanica. A book which is full of wonders and within lies mysteries of the unknown and unpredictable. In comparison to the Encyclopedia Brittanica the female is alike in many ways, such as its perfect construction and orderly appearance seeming as if they replicate one another like a clone. I believe Thurber views all female species as being similar to one another with respect to their character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author also associates courtship as a business, a show business. A world which is chaotic, disorderly and full of confusion much like nature. It is an aggressive competition between genders in which mother nature dominates. He also attributes the similarity of constructed rules and regulations in need of much guidance with the help of a hand manual. Culture also places demands on males. Males who are lacking in outer appearance and sexual appeal try to diminish their faults by acquiring gifts â€Å"to win her attention... and bring her candy, flowers, and the furs of animals† (p 340) for the lady in courting. Women's refusals became men's burden which laid heavily on their shoulders in the social relationship. â€Å"These 'love displays' were being constantly turned down, insulted, or thrown out of the house.† (p 340) This produced the evident exhaustion of the male species such as the â€Å" fiddler crab who had been standing on tip-toe for eight or ten hours waving a